Terrorists from across the borders entering India are often exploiting weaknesses in border infrastructure and use technology and cyberspace to create technology to propagate their thinking.crimes. And are continuously supported from beyond the Indian borders, primarily misusing modern technology for funding or Command and Control purposes.

Prevention of violent extremism in India is an important and necessary requirement for the country. Such efforts need multi-dimensional coordination between Armed Forces and various National law enforcement agencies.

Today’s asymmetric warfare requires newer tools and techniques to keep pace with the changing times. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving as a very effective and well-established technique in counter-terrorism and is the way ahead for Indian Armed Forces to undertake ‘predictive counter-terrorism’ measures so as to prevent violent extremism in hotbeds of terrorism like Northern Command of Army.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Broadly, AI refers to the Information Systems capable of performing tasks that resemble human problem-solving abilities, use computer algorithms or rule-sets to do things that would normally require human intelligence.

“AI is a tool that carries out functionalities encoded in them, which are inherited from the intelligence of their human programmers. However, with the correct set of data, these AI engines can be trained to learn to identify patterns and information which may be humanly impossible, especially while working with huge digital database moving at a high data rate,” Milind Kulshreshtha, C4I expert says.

AI and Counter-Terrorism

For India, terrorism is no new entity and the Nation is familiar with violent activities throughout. It is well established that the terrorists, along with those who inspire them, represents a major transnational challenge, with detection and disruption of such groups always being a priority. The dynamic means of terror financing is one of the key factors in the proliferation of anti-social activities. Along with the changing times, terrorism and its connectivity too has become highly digital and are benefitting from cyber-crime networks.

The use of various AI techniques such as Facial Recognition, Artificial Neural Networks and Social Network Analysis are some of the popular tools. “An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a feed-forward back propagation network has been found to establish with a high degree of certainty various deceptive behaviour patterns. Such tools in hands of investigator support system would be valuable in the identification of terrorists. A Social Network Analysis tool is particularly suitable for analyzing terrorist networks since they take relationships into account, rather than only attributes, which are otherwise difficult to obtain for covert networks. Dark-web based investigations are of main interest here, apart from analysis of social media platforms like Facebook, Blogs, Twitter etc,” explains Kulshreshtha, C4I expert.

Digital Database for AI Implementation

India has established a wide range of surveillance and data gathering advance tools. And, through database-centric schemes like National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), Network Traffic Analysis System (NETRA) and the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS), law enforcement agencies have achieved centrally a Lawful Intercept and Monitoring (LIM) system. Post 2008 Mumbai terror attack, these mechanisms got a big boost.

Explaining how this will work, Kulshreshtha says, “The AI work may start by collecting information on `lessons learnt’ after each terrorist skirmish in a specified data format. This record shall have the profile of a terrorist and their tactics, while also recording own shortcomings for improvement. In time, with past and subsequent data sets, Indian Defence Forces shall have an institutionalized database on each terrorist activity or engagement which is geotagged and linked to various other factors like weather etc.”

“This data, when stored in AI relevant format, is highly useful for training the prediction algorithm and with some iterations shall be able to through results on next likely move of the terrorists based on various circumstances like weather conditions or when cornered inside a building etc. With this, the present human-based experience shall be harnessed within the AI engine and form the basis of predictive counter-terrorism. This shall assist in gaining effective progress against terrorists while ensuring the safety of personnel on Ground Zero.”

Make In India Initiative

DRDO lab Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) is nodal agency for research and development in the areas of AI and Robotics for the Defence Forces. Despite being accredited with certifications like CMMI ML2 or ISO 9001:2015, involvement in resolving field-level solutions for soldiers in high risk areas have been an ever-widening gap.

“The NITI Aayog’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence had no mention of Armed Forces or Security forces in the Charter, probably a report driven more by the Industry initiative. With pandemic highlighting various human vulnerabilities, and Prime Minister’s initiative of ‘atmanirbhar’, this can be considered as an opportunity for Defence Forces to undertake their own problem-solving by extending the Financial Powers at GOC level for execution of AI Projects directly with the Industry so as to develop solutions to meet their local requirements, to which only they are well versed when compared to Central Agencies in New Delhi,” he suggests.

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Among fictional buzzwords like “telepathy,” “cyberspace,” “parallel universe,” and so on – what’s undeniably popular and real is “AI” — artificial intelligence. The idea that a machine can exhibit the same level of intelligence and sentience as a human being has captured much interest today. This idea has increasingly become popular in the workplace: The World Economic Forum forecasts that due to technologies like machines and algorithms, “133 million new jobs [are] expected to be created by 2022 compared to 75 million that will be displaced.” A report published by Tractica, showed that AI revenue could grow from $643.7 million in 2016 to $36.8 billion by 2025.

These billion-dollar facts could leave a surprisingly awakening question — is the future going to be AI-oriented, and will humans be left out of it? This ever-continuing human question has left many of us feeling dread in this uncertain world. Nonetheless, the latest emerging AI trends and developments have presented a consideration for humankind: Will AI truly “colonize” the entire Cosmodrome?

Now that tiny robots are capable of extracting tooth plaque and computers can defeat professional human players at strategy games, the question of world domination certainly remains — in a sense.

Will Augmented Intelligence Replace Humans Or Enhance Jobs?

The origin of job uncertainty with the rise of AI and technology in general is a matter that goes way back in time. Mobile phone devices with smart technology were a new concept to human beings — but as time passed, they increasingly became a common device. Similarly, AI products and solutions like the virtual AI assistants Cortana, Google Home, and Siri have become a part of our everyday lives and are likely here to stay.

AI can also be a powerful working tool in many current business scenarios. Fundamentally, while the human brain works on higher-level tasks, continuous tasks can be fed to AI, like simplifying complexities in data that enable humans to process information faster. For example, robotic process automation (RPA) software bots can execute a sequence of commands to define a set of business rules and replace repetitive clerical tasks.

Businesses can align their business processes and make them simpler with the adoption of AI. The internet of things (IoT) is a new wave that has created 360-degree interaction between humans and machines. One of the backbones of IoT is the AI capabilities that enable IoT devices to accurately optimize the utilization of effort and time.

I expect that the human-machine convergence — backed by AI — will address specific business needs with which brands can leverage better decisions, better conversations, and better relationships with their customers.

How Are Business Currently Leveraging AI?

An array of industries are using AI to improve operational efficiencies. From using robotics to improve mining and detect medical ailments to using digital technologies to improve business processes, AI can make humans and businesses smarter.

For example, let’s consider how businesses are using AI to cope with video — the industry in which my company operates — and other forms of media. AI developments have successfully produced technical applications such as image recognition, converting text to video, and video facial recognition. Text-to-video converters, for example, are blooming in the digital world with AI. Lumen5 is an example of a tool that allows anyone, including businesses, to create engaging video content from text within minutes. Likewise, businesses can leverage AI security tools, like NEC’s NeoFace facial recognition technology, that integrate with surveillance systems to identify people with a high degree of accuracy.

Brands can leverage AI-generated rich, meaningful, unfiltered data in these ways and others to improve their decision-making abilities.

Why Are Businesses Pro-AI?

I’ve seen businesses thrive by using AI applications to reduce risks, reduce costs, and improve production. AI’s complete absence of emotions not only allows machines to think logically but could also increase the chance of achieving accuracy with greater precision and reduced risks.

For example, deep learning and neural network algorithms used in AI could eliminate concurrent code-writing for tech companies. Self-driving cars could successfully reduce the number of car crashes. Massive disruption of resources with robotic science in categories like mining, medicine, digital assistants and even public utilities could help companies overcome limitations.

What Does The Future Hold?

When we’re considering the future of the workforce, our gut instinct probably shouldn’t be fear. AI-enabled workforces can significantly improve workplace efficiencies by automating mundane tasks, such as chatbots that guide users through predictable processes. From skimming huge amounts of data without human intervention to quickly responding to disruptions in a factory, I believe these technological advancements will improve the quality of life in workplaces.

In addition to consumer applications like personalized home assistants, the potential for AI-enabled business transformations is mushrooming; for example, Skillate is an AI-based recruitment solution that helps companies read and match resumes. AI could be the answer to many different facets of business operations.

While some entry-level jobs or tasks, like sorting through resumes, may give way to technology, I believe the need for people who understand data and those who can analyze them to make smarter decisions will only increase with this shift. In the near future, I predict that AI will make way for technologies that blend the processing power of machines with human, social, and emotional intelligence to augment our capabilities in new and exciting ways.

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